Electric vacuum apparatus



M. SCHENKEL. ELECTRIC VACUUM APPARATUS. APPLICATION FILED DEC. 4, 1920.

1 ,41 0,605. Patented Mar. 28, 1922.

5 3 SHEET HEET 1- APPL lCATIQN FILED DEC. 4,1920. I 1,410,606.

M. SCHENKEL. ELECTRIC VACUUM APPARATUS.

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Q 9\ Q J a 6 Patented Mar. 28, 1922.

M. SCHE-NKEL. ELECTRIC VACUUM APPARATUS.

APPLICATION -FlLED DEC. 4, 1920.

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Speciflcation'ot Lettersl'atent. Patented 28, 1922.

Application filed December 4, 1920. sens! no. 42am.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, Monrrz SCHENKEL, a citizen of the German Empire,residing" at Charlottenburg, Germany, have invented certain new anduseful Improvements in Electric Vacuum Apparatus, (for which I havefiled applications in Germany Dec. 7

1918, and Austria Nov; 19, 1919,) of which the following isa-specification.

y invention refers to electric vacuum and more'especially to the kind 0aaratus described and claimed in Letteas atent of the United States Nos.1,326,- 972 and 1,328,597'gran'ted to me on 6th and January 2 )th, 1921,respectively, the said apparatus substantially consistin of an evacuatedreceptacle containing a sel sustaining anode body formed of annularanodes and partitions alternately dis osed one above the other, suchanode body dividing the receptacle i 'two parts. The particpresentinvention is to render the said composite anode'body more perfectlyair-tight in order to prevent the electric arc formedbetween one ofthe-annular anodes and the annular mercury cathode from jumping over tothe other side of the anode body in case a high vacuum exists on thatside. For this reason it has been found preferable "to keep the.diminution of pressure on this side of'the. electrodes pressure. Howeverthe ater difference of pressure existing in suc a case on-the two sidesof the electrode body renders it imperative to make this body asperfectly air-tight as possible. This is the more necessa the arc tendsto wander from the front face of the anode to the joint, the sealsprovided thereinthus gradually mercury and in consequence thereofbecomingconductive 'so that the partitions inserted between the annularanodes are ultimately, destroyed and a sparking over towards thereceptacle wall takes place at the .points where the electrodes arepassing through. I

According to the present invention the joints between the anodes andthepartitions are rendered air-tight by cover-in them on the sideaverted from the arc with a liquid, preferably with a liquid metal 'suchas mercurv.

- hi'he gs-Mixed was specifics-1 January sel v tight fit between fillingwith condensed vessel in two parts,

plates as tion and'forming' part thereof a number of modifications of adevice constructed in accordance with the present invention areillustrated in a diagrammatic manner. In the drawings 1 Fig. 1 is avertical section of one half of a vacuum apparatus with the anode bodyaccording to the present invention arranged t erein.

Figs. 2 to 5 are similar views of anode bodies differing in the form'ofthe anodes and partitions.

eferring to Fig. 1, l is the rectifier ves- -2is its cover, 3 is a sealsecuring an airthe vessel and cover. 7are three annular anodes, 8, 8 arehollow conductors adapted to conduct the current to said anodes and tofeed acooling medium such as water into channels provided to this endwithin said anodes. 9, 9 are seals interposed between the cover openingsand the conductors passing through them. 20 is a mercury cathode whichmay however be reof any other suitable lain, t e said partitions beinginterposed between the anodes as well as between the lowe'rand upperanode and the plates 14 and 15-respecti'vely which tend to titions andanodes tightly together under the action of screw bolts such as 16. Byaid of these pressure plates and bolts the anode rings and partitionsare made to as "pact self-sustaining body adapted to be reform acommoved from the rectifier vessel as a whole after the-cover-2 has beenremoved.

The anode body thus formed divides the a highlyfevacuated chamber 17either beevacuated to a certain extent or may be filled with air ofatmospheric pressure.-

In order, now, to render the joints be-' partitions and pressure'erfectly air-tight as possible, I ar-' tween the anodes,

range sea s such as asbestos rings 19, 19 between them and I- furthercover the joints with. m'ercury. To this end the partitions 11, 12,13,.two of which have the form of inverted perforated. plates, while thelowermost one is bell-shaped, have concentric cylpress the par.-

and an inner chamber 18 which may inders 21, 22, 23 formed on the innerside, the distance between these three cylinders and between theuppermost cylinder and the anode and partition surrounding it being suchas to form receptacles 24,25, 26 of annular section which may be filledwith a suitable liquid, preferably a liquid metal such as mercury, suchliquid forming a most perfect seal for the joints. In order to provideagainst a connection being formed between the metal contained in thedifferent receptacles it is preferably kept at different levels,although the concentric cylinders end at a common level. The conductorspass through the metal as shown in the drawings.

In the modification shown in Fig. 2 all the partitions 27, 28, 29, 30are bell-shaped and the three cylinders 31, 32, 33 are equal in length.In consequence thereof the same tightening pressure is acting on all theanodes and the distances between the liquid surfaces are equal as well.

The modification illustrated in Fig. 3 has partitions 34 of uniformshape. Instead oi the cylinders forming the inner walls of the mercuryseals they carry inverted funnels 35, 35 arranged on their inner sides,and similar funnels 36, 36' are disposed on the inner sides of theelectrodes 37 37 such electrodes and the funnels forming part thereofbeing hollow, as shown at 38, in order to be fed with water or thelike-through hollow conductors. The interstices 39, 39 between thefunnels are filled with mercury.

In the modification shown in Fig. 4 the partitions 40, 40 and an0des41,41 have different diameters and carry concentric cylinders 42, 42. Themiddle portion 43 of the bottom plate 44 is raised to the extent offorming an inner wall for a mercury seal 45 for the joint formed betweensaid plate and the lowermost partition.

Special advantages are derived from the arrangement shown in Fig. 5,where, the hollow anodes 46 as well as the partitions 47 form invertedfunnels with their middle portions reinforced as at 48, 49. The bottomplate 50 oiiers a conical seat 51 for the lowermost partition and has aninverted funnel formed on its inner face and serving as a wall for amercury receptacle sealing the lowermost joint. The conical form of allthe parts offers the advantage of selfcentration and keeps the anodebody as a whole particularly air-tight.

All the modifications of the rectifier according to the inventionillustrated in the drawings are constructed to have the arc formed onthe outside of the anodes. I wish it .to be understood that my inventionis by no means restricted to this construction, and in case that it isdesired to have the arc formed on the inner side of the anodes,'then themercury seals will have to be arranged on the outside.

1,4.1o,eoe V I claim 1. In a composite anode body in combination, aplurality of superposed annular anodes, an annular partitionintermediate two of such anodes and a liquid seal covering the jointbetween said anodes and said partition.

2. In a composite anode body in combination, a plurality of superposedannular anodes, an annular partition intermediate two of such anodes, asolid seal inserted in the joint between said anodes and said partition,and a liquid seal covering said joint.

3. In a composite anode body in combination, a plurality of superposedannular anodes, an annular partition intermediate two of such anodes,and a metal of low melting point covering the joint between said anodesand said partition.

4. In a composite anode body in combination, a plurality of superposedannular anodes, an annular partition intermediate two of such anodes, aprojection of annular section on one of said parts extending up wardsbeyond the joint between said anodes and said partition, and a liquidbetween said projection and said joint.

5. In a composite anode body in combination a conical anode ring and aconical ring of insulating material, the middle portion of one of saidrings being thicker than the lateral portions, a joint between saidrings and a liquid seal covering said joints.

6. In a composite lanode body in combination, a plurality of superposedannular anodes, an annular partition intermediate twoof such anodes, ahollow projection of annular section on one of said parts extendingupwards beyond the joint between said anodes and said partition, and aliquid between said projection and said joint.

7. In acomposite anode body in combination. a plurality of superposedannular anodes, an annular partition intermediate two of such anodes, abottom plate adjoin ing said partition and liquid seals covering thejoints.

8. In a composite anode body in combination, a plurality of superposedannular anodes, an annular partition intermediate two of such anodes,plates adjoining said anodes and said partition, means for pressing saidanodes, partition and plates together and liquid seals covering thejoints.

9. In a composite anode body in combination, a plurality of superposedhollow annular anodes, and an annular partition intermediate two of suchanodes, a hollow projection of annular section on said anode extendingupwards beyond the joint between said anodes and said partition and aliquid between said projection and said joint.

In testimony whereof I ailix my signature.

MORITZ SCHENKEL.

